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Romania
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- Snippet from Wikipedia: Romania
Romania is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe. It lies on the lower course of the Danube, north of the Balkan Peninsula, and on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It is the twelfth-largest country in Europe by area, covering 238,397 km2 (92,046 mi2), and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union, with 19 million inhabitants. The capital, largest city and economic centre is Bucharest. Other major cities include Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Constanța, Timișoara, Brașov and Craiova.
Romania was settled during the Lower Paleolithic. In antiquity its territory was inhabited by the Dacians. Part of it became the Roman province of Dacia after Trajan's Dacian Wars, beginning the process of Romanisation. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 through the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia under Alexandru Ioan Cuza, and adopted the name Romania in 1866. Romania gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877, which was recognised by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, and became the Kingdom of Romania in 1881 under Carol I. As a result of its participation in the Second Balkan War, Romania acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria in 1913, concluded by the Treaty of Bucharest.
During World War I, Romania joined the Allies in 1916. The Great Union was a series of political unions proclaimed in 1918. After World War I, most of the claimed territories from Kingdom of Hungary (parts of Banat, Crișana, Maramureș, Transylvania) were granted to Kingdom of Romania under the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. The union with Bukovina was recognized in 1919 by the Treaty of Saint-Germain and the union with Bessarabia was recognized in 1920 by the Treaty of Paris. Greater Romania was formed, which reached its largest territorial extent. In 1938, King Carol II suspended the constitution and established a royal dictatorship. In 1940, Romania lost Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, Northern Transylvania to Hungary under the Second Vienna Award, and Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova. Romania joined the Axis powers in 1940 and took part in the invasion of the Soviet Union, but following the Act of 23 August 1944 it switched sides to join the Allies. Romania regained Northern Transylvania in 1945, which the Paris Peace Treaties confirmed in 1947. Under Soviet occupation, King Michael I was forced to abdicate in December 1947, and Romania became a communist state, the Romanian People's Republic, and later a Warsaw Pact member. It was renamed the Socialist Republic of Romania in 1965. After the Romanian revolution of 1989 and the fall of communism, Romania began a transition to liberal democracy and a market economy.
Romania is a developed country with a high-income economy and one of the fastest growing economies in Europe, driven by a large industrial base, with significant automotive manufacturing, pharmaceutical, mining, energy and weapons industries, as well as a major information technology industry, with major cities serving as regional technology centres. It is also known for its internet infrastructure, which ranks among the fastest in the world. Romania is regarded as a middle power in international relations and is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the BSEC, among other international organisations.
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