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Password Cracking
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- Snippet from Wikipedia: Password cracking
In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords protecting a computer system. A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. Another type of approach is password spraying, which is often automated and occurs slowly over time to remain undetected, using a list of common passwords.
The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password (since installing an entirely new password would involve System Administration privileges), to gain unauthorized access to a system, or to act as a preventive measure whereby system administrators check for easily crackable passwords. On a file-by-file basis, password cracking is utilized to gain access to digital evidence to which a judge has allowed access when a particular file's permissions are restricted.
Brute-force password guessing attacks against online systems are usually ineffective because systems are designed to lock accounts after a certain number of unsuccessful login attempts. Obtaining the cryptographic hash of the password makes it possible to perform an unlimited number of offline guesses. Hash files might be obtained by third parties by court-ordered access, or as part of an illegal data breach. If passwords are reused across websites, the hash file obtained from one website can be used for cracking, and then the discovered passwords can be attempted against the same email addresses on other websites.
The password spraying approach evades account lockout countermeasures by guessing the same password across many accounts, allowing time to pass between attempts on the same account, which might include legitimate logins. This approach does not target specific accounts.
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Passwords: Password Policies, Password Complexity Requirements, Password Expiration Policies, Password Rotation, Password History, Password Length, Multi-Factor Authentication, Password Managers, Secure Password Storage, Password Hashing Algorithms, Salted Password Hashing, Password Encryption, Password Recovery Processes, Password Reset Procedures, Password Audits, Password Strength Meters, Password Generation Algorithms, Biometric Authentication as Password Replacement, Single Sign-On (SSO) Systems, Two-Factor Authentication Methods, Passwordless Authentication, Social Login Integration, Phishing Resistance Techniques, User Education on Password Security, Account Lockout Mechanisms, Brute Force Attack Prevention, Dictionary Attack Mitigation, Credential Stuffing Defense Strategies, Security Questions for Password Recovery, Email Verification for Password Reset, Mobile Authentication for Password Management, Password Sharing Practices, Compliance Standards for Password Management, Password Synchronization Techniques, Password Aging Policies, Role-Based Password Access Control, Password Change Notifications, Temporary Passwords Handling, Password Encryption at Rest and in Transit, Third-Party Password Manager Security, Password Policy Enforcement Tools, User Behavior Analytics for Password Security, Zero Trust Approach to Password Management, Password Security for Remote Workers, Password Security Auditing Tools, Password Vulnerability Scanning, Automated Password Reset Solutions, Secure Password Exchange Protocols, Password Entropy Measurement
Passwords GitHub, Password topics, Passwordless, Password manager - Password management (LastPass, 1Password), Authentication, Personal identification number (PIN), Single signon, MFA-2FA, Microsoft Hello, Apple Face ID, Facial recognition, Biometric authentication, Iris recognition, Mainframe passwords (IBM RACF, Retinal scan, Eye vein verification, Recognition, Fingerprint recognition, Password cracking, Password hashing, Popular passwords, Strong passwords, Rainbow table, Secrets - Secrets management (HashiCorp Vault, Azure Vault, AWS Vault, GCP Vault), Passkeys, Awesome passwords (navbar_passwords - See also: navbar_passkeys, navbar_iam, navbar_pentesting, navbar_encryption, navbar_mfa)
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