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Fortran Module
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Modules are used for Fortran object oriented programming.
General form
The general form is ~~~~~~~~~~~ {: lang=fortran } module <name>
contains
end module <name> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Data access ##
There are three possible access properties: `public, private, protected`.
- `public`: Outside code has read and write access.
- `private`: Outside code has no access.
- `public, protected`: Outside code has read access.
- Using module in other code ###
One can include the module's public data in outside code. There are three ways.
- `use <moduleName>`: includes all public data and methods
- `use <moduleName>, <renames>`: includes all public data and methods, but renames some public data or methods
- `use <moduleName>, only : <subset>`: includes only some public data and methods
- Examples ###
These examples highlight the above methods using the following module.
~~~~~~~~~~~ {: lang=fortran } !> \\file test_module.f module test_module
implicit none private integer, public :: a=1 integer, public, protected :: b=1 integer, private :: c=1end module test_module ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Data access ####
~~~~~~~~~~~ {: lang=fortran } !> \\file main.f program main
use test_module
! accessing public object works print *, a
! editing public object works a = 2
! accessing protected object works print *, b
! editing protected object does not work !b = 2 <- ERROR
! accessing private object does not work !print *, c <- ERROR
! editing protected object does not work !c = 2 <- ERROR
end program main ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Using module in other code ####
~~~~~~~~~~~ {: lang=fortran } !> \\file main1.f program main
use test_module
print *, a, b
end program main ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~ {: lang=fortran } !> \\file main2.f program main
use test_module, better_name => a
! new name use available print *, better_name
! old name is not available anymore !print *, a <- ERROR
end program main
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~ {: lang=fortran } !> show using only program main
use test_module, only : a
! only a is loaded print *, a
! b is not loaded !print *, b <- ERROR
end program main
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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